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Tissue distribution of marbofloxacin was studied in pigs after a single intramuscular injection at 2.5 mg/kg body weight. Samples of plasma, muscle, liver, kidney, heart, lung, and muscle at the injection site were randomly collected from five pigs at 2, 6, 10, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after administration. Marbofloxacin concentrations were determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection and were subjected to non-compartmental analysis to obtain kinetic parameters. The elimination half-life (t(1/2λz)) of marbofloxacin at the injection site was 22.12 h, while those in kidney, plasma, liver, lung, heart, and muscle were 16.75, 21.48, 21.84, 24.00, 24.45, and 28.91 h, respectively. Areas under the concentration-time curve from 0 h to (∞) (AUC(0–∞)s) were calculated to be 31.17 h·µg·mL⁻¹ for plasma and 32.97, 33.92, 34.78, 37.58, 42.02, and 98.80 h·µg·g⁻¹ for heart, muscle, lung, liver, kidney, and injection site, respectively. The peak concentration (C(max)) of marbofloxacin was 1.62 µg/mL in plasma and 1.71, 1.74, 1.86, 1.93, 2.45, and 7.64 µg/g in heart, lung, muscle, kidney, liver, and injection site, respectively. The results show that marbofloxacin was fast absorbed, extensively distributed, and slowly eliminated from pigs after a single intramuscular administration.
Subject(s)
Body Weight , Chromatography, Liquid , Half-Life , Heart , Injections, Intramuscular , Kidney , Liver , Lung , Plasma , Swine , Tissue DistributionABSTRACT
New enrofloxacin microspheres were formulated, and their physical properties, lung-targeting ability, and tissue distribution in rats were examined. The microspheres had a regular and round shape. The mean diameter was 10.06 microm, and the diameter of 89.93% of all microspheres ranged from 7.0 microm to 30.0 microm. Tissue distribution of the microspheres was evaluated along with a conventional enrofloxacin preparation after a single intravenous injection (7.5 mg of enrofloxacin/kg bw). The results showed that the elimination half-life (t(1/2beta)) of enrofloxacin from lung was prolonged from 7.94 h for the conventional enrofloxacin to 13.28 h for the microspheres. Area under the lung concentration versus time curve from 0 h to infinity (AUC(0-infinity)) was increased from 11.66 h.microg/g to 508.00 h.microg/g. The peak concentration (Cmax) in lung was increased from 5.95 microg/g to 93.36 microg/g. Three lung-targeting parameters were further assessed and showed that the microspheres had remarkable lung-targeting capabilities.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Rats , Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects , Drug Delivery Systems/instrumentation , Fluoroquinolones/adverse effects , Half-Life , Injections, Intravenous , Lung/drug effects , Microspheres , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Tissue DistributionABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate of three-dimensional spiral CT cholangiography to bile duct configuration before laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for 60 patients with cholelithiasts concurrent with choledocholithiasis from May 2009 to April 2012,which were treated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP),endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST),and endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD),then three-dimensional spiral CT cholangiography(SCTC) was performed through endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) tube,and the bile duct tree image of SCTC was evaluated,then laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) was carried out.Results Sixty cases were performed three-dimensional SCTC.The left and right hepatic bile ducts,the hepatic bile duct and the common bile duct were visible in 100％ patients,and cholecyst bile duct was visible in 75％patients,and three-dimensional SCTC can tell the position of cholecyst duct and the place where the cholecyst bile duct enteres into the common bile duct.Conclusion Three-dimensional SCTC can show the shape of bile duct tree,especially the cholecyst duct,and has some guidance values to judge the structure of the bile duct tree and the configuration of cholecyst bile duct during operation,which can decrease the possibility of bile duct injure.
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ObjectiveTo study the preoperative evaluation of three-dimensional spiral CTcholangiography(SCTC) in patients with bile duct obstruction.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for 60patients with bile duct obstruction from May 2008 to April 2011,who were treated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography( ERCP),then SCTC was performed through endoscopic nasobiliary drainage( EN-BD) tube,and the bile duct tree image of SCTC of bile duct obstruction was evaluated.ResultsIn 60 cases of bile duct obstruction who performed three-dimensional SCTC,the left and right hepatic bile ducts,the hepatic bile duct and the common bile duct were visible in 100％ patients,cholecyst bile duct was visible in 80％ patients,and three-dimensional SCTC can tell the position of cholecyst duct and the place where the cholecyst bile duct enters into the common bile duct.ConclusionThree-dimensional SCTC can show the shape of bile duct tree,especially the cholecyst duct,and has some guidance values in judging the structure of the bile duct tree and the shape of cholecyst bile duct during operation.
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Objective To study the preventive effect of biliary duct injury(BDI)of three-dimensional spiral CT cholangiography(SCTC)before laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC).Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out for 30 patients suffering from cholelithiasts concurrent with choledocholithiasis from July 2007 to June 2009.EAndoscopic sphincterotomy(EST),then three-dimensional SCTC was carried out through endoscop-ic nasobiliary drainage(ENBD)before IX,and the preventive effect of BDI was evaluated.Results The visibility of intra-hepatic bile duct,the hepatic bile duct and the common bile duct were 100% the visibility of chol-ecyst bile duct was 73% ,and three-dimensional SCTC can tell the position of cholecyst duct,BDI was not happened in all these patients.Conclusion Three-dimensional SCTC before LC can decrease the possibility of BDI.
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Objective To determine and compare the levels of serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in acute stage of cerebral infarction and the relationship and prognosis between them and the classification of TOAST. Methods The levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were detected by ELISA in 60 cerebral infarction patients(CI group)while 30 healthy donors were served as control group (NC group).Results The level of MMP-2 in CI group was significantly lower than that in NC group (P＜0.01) and the level of MMP-9 was significantly higher than that in NC group (P＜0.01).Compared with lacunar infarction (LI) group,the level of MMP-9 was significantly higher in cardiogenic cerebral embolism group(CCE group) and large artery arteriosclerosis cerebral infarction group (LAA group);The serum level of MMP-9 was related to NIHSS.The serum level of MMP-9 in good prognosis patients was significantly lower than that in poor prognosis patients (P＜0.01).Conclusions The serum level of MMP-9 is increased after cerebral infarction.The serum level of MMP-9 in the CCE group and LAA group is significantly higher than that in LI group.The level of MMP-9 is a reliable parameter in evaluating the disabilities in cerebral infarction.The level of serum MMP-9 within 24 hours of onset can predict the prognosis of cerebral infarction independently.
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Objective To explore how to prevent biliary duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods The clinical data of 484 cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy from December 2002 to December 2007 were retrospectively analyzed,and the experiences of preventing biliary duct injury were summarized.Results No biliary duct injury case was found but 26 cases were converted to laparotomy during operation and 20 cases were placed drainage tube.Conclusion Familiar with the anatomy of bile duct,careful handling of the Calot's triangle are the keys to prevent biliary duct injury in LC.
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Objective To analyze the causes of postoperative complications of Mesh plug hernia repair of inguinal hernia. Methods The 332 ingunial hernia patients from June 2002 to May 2007 who underwent Mesh plug repair were summarized retrospectivdy. the causes of postoperative complications were analyzed. Results All the patients were followed up 15～60 months.there were 3 cases of durative pain,1 case of recurring,16 cases of scrotal edema,20 cases of urinary retention. Condusion Anatomizing carefully during operation is the key to decrease the postoperative complications of Mesh plus hernia repair.